Parallel Institutionalization; A Step on the Way of International Order Peaceful Transition (A China-Based Chain Value Vs. American Order)

Document Type : Research

Authors

1 PhD Candidate of International Relations

2 Associate Professor of International Relations, Department of International Relations, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

3 Assistant Professor Of International Relations, Department of International Relations, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

The Emergence of China and other rising powers in international relations era on the one hand, and the US reluctance or impotence in resolving issues, especially after monetary and financial crises in 2007 to 2008, and also its attempts on maintaining the current order on the other side have led to some important questions on purposes of rising powers and plenty of ambiguities about the future of international order. Many theorists, especially Realism and Power Transition scholars, believe that the future of the world order will be distinguished by a war. In this way, the main question that this article seeks to reply is the way that China’s economic growth and performance affect the international order transition, and also how this transition could be done peacefully despite Power Transition scholars’ belief that any transition will be done proceeded by a war. On this basis, the research hypothesis is how China’s parallel institutionalization for making a chain of non-American economic value in a long term will make participant states change their political approaches, where the result of which will be peaceful transition, and besides, how China will be turned into a confirmed multidimensional superpower without being involved in a major war. Therefore, examples of Asian Bank of Infrastructure Investigation, New Development Bank of BRICS (NDB), Belt and Road Initiative the Regional Comprehensive Project for Economic Association (RCEP) will be considered.

Keywords

References

آقایی، سید داوود، اکبریان، علیرضا، (۱۳۹۶)، «تعامل یا تقابل چین با آمریکا در خلیج فارس»، فصلنامه سیاست، دوره ۴۷، شماره ۲، ۳۱۳-۲۹۳.
امیراحمدیان، بهرام، صالحی دولت آبادی، روح اله، (۱۳۹۵)، «ابتکار جاده ابریشم جدید چین: اهداف، موانع و چالش‌ها»، فصلنامه روابط بین‌الملل، سال نهم، شماره ۳۶.
چگینی زاده، غلامعلی، (۱۳۸۶)، «قدرت‌یابی چین: رویکردی نظری به تغییر در سیاست بین‌الملل»، فصلنامه پژوهش حقوق و سیاست، سال نهم، شماره ۲۲.
زکریا، فرید، (1388)، جهان پسا-آمریکایی، ترجمه: احمد عزیزی، تهران: انتشارات هرمس.
شریعتی نیا، محسن، (۱۳۹۵)، «کمربند اقتصادی جاده ابریشم: زنجیره ارزش چین محور»، فصلنامه روابط خارجی، سال هشتم، شماره سوم، ۱۱۳-۸۵.
موسی زاده، رضا، خسروی، بهنام، (۱۳۹۴)، «بریکس و نهادسازی بین‌المللی»، فصلنامه سیاست خارجی، سال بیست و نهم، شماره ۴، صص ۱۴۵-۱۱۱.
نای، جورف، (1395)، پایان قرن آمریکا؟، ترجمه: غلامرضا علی‌بابایی، تهران: نشراختران.

References

Agreement on the New Development Bank, (2014). "Government of Brazil", available at: “http://brics.itamaraty.gov.br/media2/press-releases/219-agreement-onthe-new development-bank-fortaleza-july-15”.
Bown, C. P. (2019). “The US-China Trade Conflict after 40 Years of Special Protection”, China Economic Journal, 12:2, 109-136.
Breslin, S. (2018). China and the global order: signalling threat or friendship?. International Affairs, 89(3),.
Bull, H. (1995). The anarchical society: a study of order in world politics. Macmillan International Higher Education.
Caffarena, A. (2017). “Diversity Management in World Politics. Reformist China and the Future of the (Liberal) Order”. The International Spectator, 52(3), 1-17.
Cao, Huhua & Paltiel, Jeremy (2015), Facing China as a New Global Superpower: Domestic and International Dynamics from a Multidisciplinary Angle, Springer.
Duncan, G. T., & Siverson, R. M. (1982). “Flexibility of alliance partner choice in a multipolar system: Models and tests”. International Studies Quarterly, 26(4), 511-538.
Feng, Huiyun, & Kai He. (2018). “China’s Institutional Challenges to the International Order.” Strategic Studies Quarterly 11 (4): 23–49
Feng, Y. (2013). “Global power transitions and their implications for the 21st century”. Pacific Focus, 28(2), 170-189.
Gilpin, R. (1981). War and change in world politics. Cambridge University
Press.
He, K. (2018). “Role conceptions, order transition and institutional balancing in the Asia-Pacific: a new theoretical framework”. Australian Journal of International Affairs, 72(2), 92-109.
Hillman, Jonathan E. )2018(. “China’s Belt and Road Initiative: Five Years Later.” Statement before the US–China Economic and Security Review Commission, January 25. “https://www.csis.org/analysis/chinas-belt-and-road-initiative-five-years-later-0”.
Ikenberry, G. John. (2018). “The End of Liberal International Order?” International Affairs, 94 (1): 7–23
Iwamoto, Kentaro, (2018), “Ministers defer agreement on RCEP trade deal to 2019”, Nikeel Asian Review, available at:        “https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/International-Relations/Ministers-defer-agreementon-RCEP-trade-deal-to-2019”.
Kastner, Scott L., Margaret M. Pearson, & Chad Rector. (2016). “Invest, Hold Up, or Accept? China in Multilateral Governance.” Security Studies, 25 (1): 142–179.
Kissinger, H. (2014). World Order. New York: Penguin.
Layne, C. (2018). The US–Chinese power shift and the end of the Pax Americana. International Affairs, 94(1), 89-111.
Lemke, D., & Werner, S. (1996). “Power parity, commitment to change, and war”. International Studies Quarterly, 40(2), 235-260.
Lingxiao, T., Yao, O., & Zexian, H. (2015). “The Foundation for the Establishment of the BRICS New Development Bank: Immediate Impetus and Theoretical Rationale”. Social Sciences in China, 36(4), 40-56.
Liu, T., & Woo, W. T. (2018). “Understanding the US-China trade war”. China Economic Journal, 11(3), 319-340.
Lynch, D. C. (2019). “Is China’s rise now stalling?”. The Pacific Review, 32(3), 446-474.
Mearsheimer.J. John(2019), “Bound to Fail: The Rise and Fall of the Liberal International Order”, International Security, Vol. 43, No. 4.
Öniş, Z. (2017). “The age of anxiety: The crisis of liberal democracy in a post-hegemonic global order”. The International Spectator, 52(3), 18-35.
Organski, A.F.K (1958). World Politics. New York: Knopf.
Qobo, M., & Soko, M. (2015). “The rise of emerging powers in the global development finance architecture: The case of the BRICS and the New Development Bank”. South African Journal of International Affairs, 22(3), 277-288.
Roach, Stephen S., Zha Daojiong, Scott Kennedy, & Patrick Chovanek. (2015). “Washington’s Big China Screw-Up.” Foreign Policy, March 26.
Ross, Robert S., Bekkevold, Jo Inge (2016), China in the Era of Xi Jinping:
Domestic and Foreign Policy Challenges, Georgetown University.
Staff, Nikkei, (2018), Five things to know about Asian trade megadeal
RCEP, Nikeel Asian Review, available at: “https://asia.nikkei.com/Economy/Fivethings-to-know-about-Asian-trade-megadeal-RCEP”.
Thomas, N. (2015). “The Economics of Power Transitions: Australia between
China and the United States”. Journal of Contemporary China, 24(95), 846-864.
Vieira, M. (2012). “Rising states and distributive justice: reforming international order in the twenty-first century”. Global Society, 26(3), 311-329.
Wang, Yuan-kang. (2006). China’s Grand Strategy and U.S. Primacy: Is China Balancing American Power? CEAP Working Papers. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.
Womack, Brantly. (2017). “International Crises and China’s Rise: Comparing the 2008 Global Financial Crisis and the 2017 Global Political Crisis.” Chinese Journal of International Politics, 10 (4): 383–401.
Young, S. (2015). Private business and economic reform in China. Routledge.
Yuan, J. (2018). “Beijing’s institutional-balancing strategies: rationales, implementation and efficacy”. Australian Journal of International Affairs, 72(2), 110-128.
International Political Economy Studies
Volume 2, Issue 2
March 2019
Pages 367-394

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 27 October 2019
  • Revise Date: 08 January 2020
  • Accept Date: 08 January 2020

Share

How to cite

Statistics