A critical look at "international tourism" from the perspective of dependency theory

Document Type : Research

Authors

1 Department of International Relations, Allameh Tabatabai University

2 Allameh Tabataba'i University

10.22126/ipes.2023.9028.1568

Abstract

In the decades following World War II, theories of development and modernization were peoposed in an effort to deepen the belief about the necessity of paying attention to the domestic and international tourism industries so as to help the economic development of developing and underdeveloped countries. The important point is that despite the practical successes achieved and especially the support of international organizations such as the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the United Nations for the aforementioned views and actions, a wide range of critical theories on proposed solutions considered theories of development, modernization, and capitalism development, among which the subjects of international tourism and the related anti-development consequences were emphasized. Among these, the dependency theory in the field of tourism, which was developed by Frank and used by Britton, took the position of leading and promoting the said wave of criticism. Serious criticisms were made against modernization and the development of capitalism in this area. The main question of this research is, “how can the phenomenon of international tourism be explained from the perspective of dependency theory?” In response, the following hypothesis is explored: From the perspective of dependency theory, the process of tourism’s formation and evolution in surrounding countries is the product of the measures and policies adopted by central countries in the form of “direct investment”, “granting loans”, “the role of international organizations”, and “exercising authority in policy-making”, on whose basis anti-development or non-development goals have been pursued. The research method of this study is descriptive-explanatory.

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Main Subjects

References

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History

  • Receive Date: 19 April 2023
  • Revise Date: 06 June 2023
  • Accept Date: 18 November 2023

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