تحلیل توافق نامة 25 ساله ایران و چین در پرتو تحولات سیاست خارجی چین

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشیار روابط بین الملل، گروه علوم سیاسی، دانشکده علوم اداری و اقتصاد، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

چکیده

در سال 1399 سندی بین ایران و چین منعقد شد که در ادبیات عمومی به توافق نامة 25 سالة ایران و چین معروف است و همکاری های دو کشور را برای یک دوره 25 ساله در حوزه های مختلف «سیاسی»، «اجرایی»، «انسانی و فرهنگی»، «قضایی، امنیتی و دفاعی» و «منطقه ای و بین ‎المللی» سامان می دهد. این مقاله در پی پاسخ به این سؤال است که توافق ‎نامة 25 سالة ایران و چین در پرتوی تحولات سیاست خارجی چین چگونه قابل ارزیابی است؟ فرضیه مقاله که با روش کیفی و مبتنی بر رویکرد توصیفی- تحلیلی بررسی شده آن بود که با پایان جنگ سرد جهت‎گیری های سیاست خارجی چین از «عدم تعهد» به «توافق ‎نامة مشارکت» تغییر کرده است و توافق ‎نامة 25 سالة ایران و چین نیز در قالب این تغییر رویکرد قابل ارزیابی است. پرداختن به این موضوع از آن نظر حائز اهمیت است که توافق ‎نامة 25 سالة ایران و چین به ‎نوعی از منظر سیاست خارجی چین نیز بررسی شود. با این بررسی مشخص خواهد شد چینی ها چگونه در قالب یک سیاست هماهنگ و برنامه ‎ریزی ‎شده، استراتژی های خود را به مرحله اجرا درمی آورند. یافته های تجربی مقاله نشان داد که از سال 1993 به بعد تعداد شکای چین در قالب توافق نامه مشارکت روند صعودی داشته است به ‎گونه ای که امروز پکن با بیش از یک‎صد کشور و سازمان منطقه ای توافق نامه مشارکت دارد. این به آن معنی است که دیپلماسی مشارکت در سال های اخیر به یک ابزار مهم در سیاست خارجی چین تبدیل شده است. یافته های نظری پژوهش نیز بیانگر آن است که جهت گیری سیاست خارجی کشورها ثابت نیست و در شرایط زمانی مختلف تحت تأثیر مقتضیات منافع ملی تغییر می کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


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