نگاهی انتقادی به «توریسم بین‌المللی» از منظر نظریه‌ وابستگی

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری روابط بین الملل،دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی ،دانشگاه طباطبایی، تهران ، ایران.

2 استاد روابط بین الملل، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی ، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران . ایران.

10.22126/ipes.2023.9028.1568

چکیده

در دهه‌های پس از جنگ جهانی دوم، نظریه‌های مرتبط با توسعه و مدرنیزاسیون در جهت تعمیق باور نسبت به ضرورت توجه به صنعت توریسم داخلی و بین‌المللی برای کمک به توسعه‌ی اقتصادی کشورهای در حال توسعه و توسعه‌نیافته، تلاش زیادی داشتند. نکته مهم اینکه به رغم موفقیت های عملی حاصله و بویژه حمایت سازمان‌های بین‌المللی چون صندوق بین‌المللی پول، بانک جهانی و سازمان ملل از دیدگاه ها و اقدامات مزبور، طیف گسترده ای از نظریه های انتقادی نسبت به راهکارهای مورد توجه نظریه های توسعه ، نوگرایی( مدرنیزاسیون) و توسعه سرمایه داری را مدنظر داشت ؛ که در این میان، مقوله توریسم بین المللی و پی آمدهای ضد توسعه ای مربوطه، مورد تأکید بود. در این میان، نظریه‌ وابستگی که فرانک بسط داده و بریتون در زمینه‌ی توریسم آن را به‌کار گرفت، از موقعیت جلوداری و پیشبرد موج نقادی یاد شده برخوردار شد. انتقادات جدی‌ به مدرنیزاسیون و توسعه‌ی سرمایه‌داری در این حوزه ایراد کردند. پرسش اصلی این نوشتار عبارتست از اینکه: از منظر نظریه‌‌ وابستگی پدیده‌ توریسم بین‌المللی چگونه قابل تبیین است؟». در پاسخ، به این فرضیه پرداخته شده که: از منظر نظریه‌ وابستگی، روند شکل‌گیری و تکامل گردشگری در کشورهای پیرامون، محصول تدابیر و سیاست‌های کشورهای مرکز در قالب "سرمایه‌گذاری مستقیم،" "اعطای وام،" "نقش سازمان‌های بین‌المللی" و "اعمال اقتدار در سیاست‌گذاری" با هدف وابستگی آنها بوده است و بر این پایه، اهدافی ضدیا غیر توسعه ای مدنظر بوده است. روش تحقیق نیز توضیحی – تبیینی می باشد. در این تحقیق برای گردآوری اطلاعات از روش کتابخانه‌ای استفاده می‌شود.

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موضوعات


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