چالش‌های راهبرد بازدارندگی ایران در نظم پساجنگ سرد از منظر رهیافت اقتصاد سیاسی (2024-1990)

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 بدون وابستگی

2 دانشیار گروه علوم سیاسی و روابط بین الملل دانشگاه شهید بهشتی تهران

چکیده

پس از فروپاشی نظام دوقطبی به‎دلیل اهمیت منطقه خاورمیانه در راهبردهای مدیریتی ایالات متحده آمریکا، اقدامات تهدیدآمیز خارجی علیه ایران با شدت و نوع دیگری اعمال گردید. جمهوری اسلامی ایران در پاسخ به این تهدیدات بر استراتژی بازدارندگی تأکید دارد؛ اما عملکرد ایران نشان می‎دهد که هرچه از فروپاشی نظام دوقطبی به زمان حال نزدیک می‎شویم (2024-1990) بازدارندگی در متقاعدسازی و منصرف‎ سازی بازیگران مختلف از ادامه اقدامات خصمانه علیه ایران نامکفی بوده است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف ارائه یک مدل تحلیلی و تبیین عملیاتی استراتژی بازدارندگی ایران و با بهره‎گیری از روش کیفی و رویکرد قیاسی-تبیینی درصدد پاسخ به این سؤال بوده است که «چرا استراتژی بازدارندگی ایران در طی سال‎های 2024-1990 در برابر تهدیدات آمریکا و متحدانش علیه ایران در خاورمیانه نامکفی بوده است؟» فرضیه مورد بررسی این است که «تمرکز بیشتر بر یک بُعد بازدارندگی و عدم بهره‎گیری هم‌زمان از مؤلفه‌های اقتصادی، سیاسی و نظامی بازدارندگی باوجود تهدیدات زمینه‎ای جدید در ابعاد و سطوح مختلف سبب نامکفی بودن بازدارندگی ایران در برابر تهدیدات آمریکا و متحدانش در طی سال‎های 2024-1990 شده است». یافته‎های این پژوهش با استفاده از مدل تحلیلی برآمده از چارچوب نظری بازدارندگی نشان می‎دهد که اقدامات تهدیدآمیز آمریکا و متحدانش بیشتر در ابعاد اقتصادی و سیاسی علیه ایران و باوجود تهدیدات زمینه‎ای اقتصادی، سیاسی، نظامی و ادراکی در سطوح مختلف افزایش یافته است اما عملکرد ایران بیشتر بر محور بازدارندگی نظامی بوده و در حوزه بازدارندگی اقتصادی و سیاسی در متقاعدسازی و منصرف سازی بازیگران مختلف از ادامه تهدید علیه ایران نامکفی بوده است.

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