تحلیل تطبیقی شیوه‌های تأمین منابع مالی القاعده و داعش: رهیافتی در اقتصاد سیاسی تروریسم

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

2 دانشجوی دکتری علوم سیاسی دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

چکیده

در اقتصاد سیاسی تروریسم شیوه‌های تأمین منابع مالی گروه‌های تروریستی واجد اهمیت بالایی دیده شده است. این مقاله با بهره‌گیری از روش مقایسه‌ای می‌کوشد به این سؤالات پاسخ دهد که عمده‌ترین شیوه‌های تأمین منابع مالی داعش و القاعده کدم‌اند؟ این شیوه‌های تأمین منابع مالی از چه جهاتی متمایز و از چه جهاتی مشابه هستند؟ نهایتاً دلایل این وجوه تمایز و تشابه چیست‌اند؟ مقاله اولاً 14 منبع درآمدی القاعده و داعش را احصاء و شناسایی نمود. ثانیاً نشان داد گروه‌های تروریستی مزبور در برخی از حوزه‌ها مانند حمایت‌های مالی خارجی و گروگان‌گیری دارای وجوه تشابه و در سایر موارد مانند قاچاق تریاک و آثار باستانی، فروش نفت و جواهرات، تأسیس و دستبرد به بانک، ثروت شخصی رهبر، مؤسسات خیریه، مالیات ستانی و فروش ارزاق عمومی دارای تمایز بوده‌اند. ثالثاً مشخص ساخت که اصلی‌ترین وجه تشابه آن‌ها تنوع شیوه‌های تأمین منابع مالی آن‌ها بوده است. رابعاً استدلال نمود دلیل گرایش گروه‌های مزبور به تنوع منابع مالی نیز کاهش کمک‌های کلان دولتی به این گروه‌ها و لاجرم جستجوی منابع خصوصی خرد و همین‌طور امکان دور زدن تنگناهای وضع‌شده ملی و بین‌المللی بوده است. نهایتاً مشخص گردید دلیل برخی وجوه تمایز آن‌ها در تأمین منابع مالی نیز بستر و محیط متفاوت حوزه عمل آن‌ها و همین‌طور ساختار سیاسی متمایز آن‌ها بوده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


اونیل، پاتریک (1386) مبانی سیاست تطبیقی، ترجمه میرترابی، تهران: قومس.
دری نوگورانی، حسین (1391) اقتصاد تروریسم، آفاق امنیت، سال پنجم، شمار شانزدهم.
ریگین، چارلز (1388) روش تطبیقی، ترجمه محمد فاضلی، تهران: آگه.
 
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