ابتکار کمربند و راه چین در غرب آسیا از دیدگاه نظریه‌های اقتصاد سیاسی بین‌الملل

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری روابط بین‌الملل، دانشکدۀ اقتصاد و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشیار علوم سیاسی و روابط بین‌الملل، دانشکدۀ اقتصاد و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

ادبیات تولیدی پژوهش‌گران اقتصاد سیاسی بین‌‌الملل دربارۀ ابتکار کمربند و راه چین و تأثیرات آن در غرب آسیا ذیل چهار کلان‌نظریۀ رئالیستی، لیبرالیستی، سازه‌‌انگاری، و مارکسیستی جای می‌‌گیرد و غالباً مبتنی‌بر پیش‌‌بینی بدون دادۀ عینی کافی و نیز تقلیل‌‌گرا و تک‌عاملی‌اند، به‌طوری‌که برخی صرفاً براساس منطق تدوام و ثبات پدیده‌‌ها به سیاست قدرت (رئالیسم)، برخی در فضای جهانی‌‌شدن اقتصاد به سیاست منفعت (لیبرالیسم)، برخی براساس معنا، هویت، و ملیت به سیاست هویت (سازه‌‌انگاری)، و درنهایت برخی هم براساس طبقه، سلطه، و امپریالیسم به سیاست سلطۀ طبقاتی (مارکسیسم) به آن توجه کرده‌‌اند. سؤال این مقاله این است که کدام نظریه تأثیرات ابتکار کمربند و راه در اقتصاد سیاسی غرب آسیا را بهتر تبیین می‌‌کند. با مقایسۀ این کلان‌نظریه‌‌ها، ایدۀ این مقاله این است که مفهوم رژیم‌‌های بین‌‌المللی اقتصادی کیوهان و نای در کتاب قدرت و وابستگی متقابل، به‌ویژه مدل فرایندهای اقتصادی آنان، که شبیه روندهای سه‌‌گانۀ یادشده است، به‎مثابۀ نظریۀ میان‌‌برد که به آن واقع‌‌گرایی تعدیل‌‌یافته هم می‌‌گویند، مفاهیم نظری مناسب‌تری برای توصیف و تبیین پیچیدگی ابتکار کمربند و راه در غرب آسیا فراهم می‌سازد. یافته‌‌های این پژوهش نشان می‌‌دهد که ابتکار کمربند و راه در غرب آسیا موجب تقویت و افزایش‌‌ کالاهای عمومی مانند سرمایه، خدمات، و کار شده و به‌تبع باعث تقویت همکاری اقتصادی، سرمایه‌‌گذاری، فناوری‌‌های حمل‌ونقل و ارتباطات، و نیز افزایش انگیزۀ دولت‌ها برای تقویت اقتصادمحورشدن سیاست خارجی شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


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